Dr John LoMonaco, MD, FACS in Houston, Texas 77058

Name: John LoMonaco, MD, FACS
Last name: Lomonaco
Gender: male
Began aesthetic medicine in: 1999
Years experience: 24
Primary Specialty: Plastic Surgeon
Website: https://drlomonaco.com/
Business: John Lomonaco M.D. PA
Address: 17226 Mercury Dr.
Address suite: Ste. 200
Phone: (713) 487-7957
International phone number: +17134877957
City: Houston
State: Texas
Zip Code: 77058
Country: US
Statement: Dr. John LoMonaco is a double-board-certified plastic surgeon in Houston, Texas, with over 22 years in practice. He specializes in breast enhancement and body contouring, such as breast lift, tummy tuck, arm lift, thigh lift, liposuction, and lower body lift, with a special emphasis on post-bariatric surgery body lifts.

At his personalized practice, the goal is always quality, not quantity. “Our motto is that our body of work speaks for itself,” says Dr. LoMonaco. “Each and every patient must stand out as an example of our best work.”

Dr. LoMonaco earned his medical degree at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. From there, he went on to complete nine years of postgraduate training in general and plastic surgery, at major hospitals in the Texas Medical Center, including Memorial-Hermann Hospital and M.D. Anderson Cancer Institute, participating in over 5,000 surgical procedures during this time.

As a recipient of The Thomas R. Cronin Fellowship in Plastic Surgery, Dr. LoMonaco performed laboratory research aimed at developing skin substitutes for burn patients.

After graduation, he served as assistant professor of plastic surgery at the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, as well as director of plastic surgery at the LBJ Hospital for two years.

Dr. LoMonaco is certified by both the American Board of Surgery and the American Board of Plastic Surgery. He is also a fellow of the American College of Surgeons (FACS) and an active member of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) and Weight Loss Surgery Foundation of America (WLSFA).
Consulting Fees: 100$
Consultation note: Free breast surgery consult if you mention RealSelf
Has Sponsored Offer : No

Clinical Privileges:

Memoral-Hermann, St Luke’s, University General, Houston Hosp. for Specialized Surgery

Education:

Medical: University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Postdoc Training:

Fellowships:
Plastic Surgery; General Surgery, Wound Healing Research

Member of:

American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS)
wlsfa

John LoMonaco, MD, FACS

Board Certification:

John Joseph LoMonaco Jr(ABMSUID -05732)

Viewed: 8/13/2008
Day of birth: 1/1/1963

Status: Alive
Certification: American Board of Plastic Surgery
Plastic Surgery – General

Status: Certified
Active Time-Limited Initial Certification: 9/8/2001 – 12/31/2011
American Board of Surgery
Surgery – General

Status: Certified
Active Time-Limited Initial Certification: 2/9/1999 – 7/1/2009
Education: 1990 MD (Doctor of Medicine)
Location: 2321 McDuffie StHouston, TX 77019-6527 (United States)

GPS coordinates on map: 29.5504787,-95.1158162

Primary location:

Location name: Houston
State: TX
Country: US
Map point: 29.76,-95.36250305

Treatments:

Areola Reduction Surgery
Arm Lift
Body Lift
Brazilian Butt Lift
Brazilian Butt Lift Revision
Breast Augmentation
Breast Fat Transfer
Breast Implant Removal
Breast Implant Revision
Breast Implants
Breast Lift
Breast Lift with Implants
Breast Reduction
Butt Augmentation
Butt Lift
Eyelid Surgery
Facelift
GalaFLEX
Labiaplasty
Liposuction
Liposuction Revision
Male Tummy Tuck
Microdermabrasion
Microneedling
Mini Facelift
Mommy Makeover
Monsplasty
Rhinoplasty
Subcision
Teeth Whitening
Thigh Lift
Tumescent Liposuction
Tummy Tuck
Tummy Tuck Revision

RealSelf Info

Rating: 5.0
Profile views: 151456
Answer count: 1455
Review count: 323
2 star count: 2
4 star count: 1
5 star count: 193
Total star count: 196
Star rating: 4.8589498479989
Answer count last three months: 18
Photo and answer count last three months: 18
Lead count last three months: 14
Anonymous votes: 186
Offer count: 0
Profile created: Jun 10, 2009
Profile modified: Dec 21, 2021
Profile promotion: Yes
Profile inactive: No
Premier status: Performance
Tier: Pro
RealCare Promise: No
Directory link: Board Certified Plastic Surgeon
RealSelf’s PRO: Yes
Is Top Doctor: 1
Doctor Designation Start Time: Sep 11, 2023
Doctor Designation End Time: Dec 11, 2023

Locations

Houston, TX, US. GPS coordinates: 29.76,-95.36250305

Latest ratings of treatments

Tummy Tuck (Sep 2023) – Overall rating: 5/5
Butt Lift (Jul 2013) – Overall rating: 5/5 (Wait times: 5/5, Doctor’s bedside manner: 5/5, Phone or email responsiveness: 5/5, Payment process: 5/5, Time spent with patient: 5/5, After care follow-up: 5/5, Staff professionalism & courtesy: 5/5, Answered questions: 5/5)
Labiaplasty (Sep 2023) – Overall rating: 5/5 (Wait times: 5/5, Doctor’s bedside manner: 5/5, Phone or email responsiveness: 5/5, Payment process: 5/5, Time spent with patient: 5/5, After care follow-up: 5/5, Staff professionalism & courtesy: 5/5, Answered questions: 5/5)
Breast Implant Removal (Sep 2023) – Overall rating: 5/5 (Wait times: 5/5, Doctor’s bedside manner: 5/5, Phone or email responsiveness: 5/5, Payment process: 5/5, Time spent with patient: 5/5, After care follow-up: 5/5, Staff professionalism & courtesy: 5/5, Answered questions: 5/5)
Breast Implants (Jun 2016) – Overall rating: 5/5 (Wait times: 5/5, Doctor’s bedside manner: 5/5, Phone or email responsiveness: 5/5, Payment process: 5/5, Time spent with patient: 5/5, After care follow-up: 5/5, Staff professionalism & courtesy: 5/5, Answered questions: 5/5)
Tummy Tuck (Feb 2016) – Overall rating: 5/5 (Wait times: 5/5, Doctor’s bedside manner: 5/5, Phone or email responsiveness: 5/5, Payment process: 5/5, Time spent with patient: 5/5, After care follow-up: 5/5, Staff professionalism & courtesy: 5/5, Answered questions: 5/5)
Breast Augmentation (Feb 2016) – Overall rating: 5/5 (Wait times: 5/5, Doctor’s bedside manner: 5/5, Phone or email responsiveness: 5/5, Payment process: 5/5, Time spent with patient: 5/5, After care follow-up: 5/5, Staff professionalism & courtesy: 5/5, Answered questions: 5/5)
Mommy Makeover (Apr 2015) – Overall rating: 3/5 (Wait times: 3/5, Doctor’s bedside manner: 3/5, Phone or email responsiveness: 3/5, Payment process: 3/5, Time spent with patient: 3/5, After care follow-up: 3/5, Staff professionalism & courtesy: 3/5, Answered questions: 3/5)
Breast Lift with Implants (Sep 2023) – Overall rating: 5/5
Tummy Tuck (Sep 2023) – Overall rating: 5/5
Juvederm (Sep 2023) – Overall rating: 5/5
Body Lift (Sep 2023) – Overall rating: 5/5
Mommy Makeover (Sep 2023) – Overall rating: 5/5
Breast Augmentation (Sep 2023) – Overall rating: 5/5
Breast Implant Revision (Sep 2023) – Overall rating: 5/5
Breast Augmentation (Sep 2023) – Overall rating: 5/5
Tummy Tuck (Dec 2017) – Overall rating: 5/5
Tummy Tuck (Sep 2023) – Overall rating: 5/5
Breast Lift (Sep 2023) – Overall rating: 5/5
Body Lift (Sep 2023) – Overall rating: 5/5
Breast Augmentation (Mar 2018) – Overall rating: 5/5
Tummy Tuck (May 2018) – Overall rating: 5/5
Mommy Makeover (Sep 2023) – Overall rating: 5/5
Breast Lift (Sep 2023) – Overall rating: 5/5
Tummy Tuck (Oct 2018) – Overall rating: 5/5 (Wait times: 5/5, Doctor’s bedside manner: 5/5, Phone or email responsiveness: 5/5, Payment process: 5/5, Time spent with patient: 5/5, After care follow-up: 5/5, Staff professionalism & courtesy: 5/5, Answered questions: 5/5)
Tummy Tuck (Nov 2018) – Overall rating: 5/5
Breast Lift with Implants (Sep 2023) – Overall rating: 5/5
Tummy Tuck (Feb 2019) – Overall rating: 5/5

Latest Prices

Tummy Tuck Prices

$11000 – Sep 2023 – Houston, TX
$12500 – Feb 10, 2016 – Houston, TX
$14000 – Dec 28, 2017
$12000 – Dec 2, 2021
$15000 – Sep 2023 – Houston, TX
$23000 – Jul 8, 2008 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Sep 2, 2014 – Houston, TX
$12000 – Mar 12, 2014 – Houston, TX
$9999 – Jul 2022 – Houston, TX
$13300 – Sep 7, 2016 – Clear Lake, TX
$12000 – Dec 2, 2021
$12000 – Dec 2, 2021
$11000 – Sep 2021 – Houston, TX
$16000 – Apr 2, 2015 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$11000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$6500 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$16000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$18000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$12000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$9999 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$5300 – Oct 2018 – Texas
$18001 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Jul 2018 – Houston, TX
$14000 – Dec 28, 2017
$14000 – Dec 28, 2017
$6000 – Oct 2017 – Houston, TX
$17000 – Oct 2016 – Houston, Tx
$13300 – Sep 7, 2016 – Clear Lake, TX
$13300 – Sep 7, 2016 – Clear Lake, TX
$13300 – Sep 7, 2016 – St johns methodist hospital clear lake tx
$13000 – Dec 3, 2015 – Houston, TX
$13000 – Dec 3, 2015 – Houston, TX
$10000 – May 2016 – Houston, TX
$18000 – Mar 2016 – Houston, TX
$12500 – Feb 10, 2016 – Houston, TX
$12500 – Feb 10, 2016 – Houston, TX
$12500 – Feb 10, 2016 – Houston, TX
$12500 – Feb 10, 2016 – Houston, TX
$12500 – Feb 10, 2016 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Apr 14, 2015 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Apr 14, 2015 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Apr 14, 2015 – Houston, TX
$23000 – Nov 4, 2015 – Houston, TX
$11000 – Oct 2015 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Aug 6, 2013 – Houston, TX
$18000 – Nov 18, 2015 – Webster, TX
$12000 – Jun 10, 2015 – Baytown, TX
$12000 – Jun 10, 2015 – Baytown, TX
$16000 – Apr 2, 2015 – Houston, TX
$12000 – Jun 10, 2015 – Baytown, TX
$16000 – Apr 2, 2015 – Houston, TX
$17000 – Aug 2015 – Houston, Tx
$150000 – Feb 27, 2014 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Sep 4, 2014 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Sep 4, 2014 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Sep 4, 2014 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Dec 2014 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Sep 2, 2014 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Sep 2, 2014 – Houston, TX
$12000 – Mar 12, 2014 – Houston, TX
$12000 – Mar 12, 2014 – Houston, TX
$35000 – May 13, 2014 – Houston, TX
$35000 – May 13, 2014 – Houston, TX
$23000 – Jul 8, 2008 – Houston, TX
$23000 – Jul 8, 2008 – Houston, TX
$150000 – Feb 27, 2014 – Dr. Lomonaco
$9000 – Jul 31, 2013 – Houston, TX
$9000 – Jul 31, 2013 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Aug 6, 2013 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Aug 6, 2013 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Aug 6, 2013 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Aug 6, 2013 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Aug 6, 2013 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Aug 6, 2013 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Aug 6, 2013 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Aug 6, 2013 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Aug 6, 2013 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Aug 6, 2013 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Aug 6, 2013 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Aug 6, 2013 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Aug 6, 2013 – Houston, TX
$14500 – May 14, 2013 – Houston, TX
$14500 – May 14, 2013 – Houston, TX
$14500 – May 14, 2013 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Apr 2013 – Houston, TX
$11000 – Jan 2013 – Houston, TX
$14500 – May 14, 2013 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Dec 18, 2012 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Dec 18, 2012 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Dec 18, 2012 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Dec 18, 2012 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Dec 18, 2012 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Dec 18, 2012 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Dec 18, 2012 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Dec 18, 2012 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Dec 18, 2012 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Dec 18, 2012 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Sep 2012 – Houston, TX
$11000 – Aug 2012 – Houston, TX
$15000 – Jul 2012 – Houston, TX
$15000 – Jul 2012 – Houston, TX
$14000 – Jun 2012 – Houston, TX
$14000 – Jun 2012 – Houston, TX
$10000 – May 2012 – Houston, TX
$20000 – May 2012 – Houston, TX
$8000 – May 2012 – Houston, TX
$8000 – May 2012 – Houston, TX
$6500 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$16000 – Feb 2012 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Feb 2012 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Feb 2012 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Feb 2012 – Houston, TX
$11000 – Jan 2012 – Houston, TX
$11000 – Jan 2012 – Houston, TX

Body Lift Prices

$1 – Sep 2023 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Sep 2023 – HOUSTON,TX
$21000 – Nov 20, 2013 – Houston, TX
$23 – Mar 19, 2013 – Houston, TX
$30000 – Jan 6, 2015 – Houston, TX
$22000 – Sep 2023 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Sep 2023 – Houston, TX
$15550 – Nov 17, 2015 – Houston, TX
$30000 – Jan 6, 2015 – Houston, TX
$40000 – Jan 21, 2015 – Houston, TX
$1 – Jul 2022 – Houston, TX
$30001 – Jul 2022 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Jul 2022 – Houston, TX
$23000 – Jul 2022 – Houston, TX
$32000 – Jul 2022 – Houston, TX
$40000 – Apr 2022 – Houston, TX
$15300 – Dec 4, 2019
$20000 – Apr 21, 2021
$22000 – Nov 29, 2016 – The Woodlands, TX
$24000 – Oct 2021 – Houston, TX
$25000 – May 1, 2014 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Apr 21, 2021
$27000 – Mar 4, 2020
$15300 – Dec 4, 2018
$15300 – Dec 4, 2018
$17000 – Mar 3, 2016 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Mar 4, 2020
$22000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Oct 2018 – HOUSTON,TX
$15001 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$35000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$29000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$12000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$1 – Jan 2, 2014 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Dec 9, 2014 – Houston, TX
$16000 – Sep 2017 – Houston, TX
$17000 – Aug 2017 – Houston, TX
$22999 – Aug 2017 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Dec 9, 2014 – Houston, TX
$22000 – Jul 26, 2016 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Dec 9, 2014 – Houston, TX
$22000 – Jul 26, 2016 – Houston, TX
$22000 – Jul 26, 2016 – Houston, TX
$22000 – Jul 26, 2016 – Houston, TX
$22000 – Jul 26, 2016 – Houston, TX
$22000 – Jul 2016 – Houston, TX
$35320 – Jul 2016 – Houston, TX
$22000 – Jul 26, 2016 – Houston, TX
$35320 – Jul 2016 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Jul 2016 – HOUSTON,TX
$37000 – Nov 11, 2015 – Houston, TX
$37000 – Nov 11, 2015 – Houston, TX
$37000 – Nov 11, 2015 – Houston, TX
$37000 – Nov 11, 2015 – Houston, TX
$17000 – Mar 3, 2016 – Houston, TX
$17000 – Mar 3, 2016 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Mar 14, 2016 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Mar 14, 2016 – Houston, TX
$14000 – Dec 2015 – Houston, TX
$15550 – Nov 17, 2015 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Dec 9, 2014 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Dec 9, 2014 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Dec 9, 2014 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Dec 9, 2014 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Dec 9, 2014 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Dec 9, 2014 – Houston, TX
$30000 – Jan 6, 2015 – Houston, TX
$40000 – Jan 21, 2015 – Houston, TX
$40000 – Jan 21, 2015 – Houston, TX
$17000 – Dec 2014 – Houston, TX
$1 – Jan 7, 2014 – Houston, TX
$30000 – Aug 26, 2014 – Houston, TX
$30000 – Aug 26, 2014 – Houston, TX
$30000 – Aug 26, 2014 – Houston, TX
$30000 – Aug 26, 2014 – 77006 – Houston, TX
$1 – Jan 2, 2014 – Houston, TX
$25000 – May 1, 2014 – Houston, TX
$25000 – May 1, 2014 – Houston, TX
$26000 – Jul 1, 2014 – Houston, TX
$26000 – Jul 1, 2014 – Houston, TX
$21000 – Nov 20, 2013 – Houston, TX
$21000 – Nov 20, 2013 – Houston, TX
$23 – Mar 19, 2013 – Houston, TX
$23 – Mar 19, 2013 – Houston, TX
$1 – Jan 7, 2014 – Houston, TX
$1 – Jan 7, 2014 – Houston, TX
$1 – Dec 2013 – Houston, TX
$1 – Dec 2013 – Houston, TX
$1 – Dec 2013 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Apr 2013 – Houston, TX
$17000 – Jan 2013 – Houston, TX
$17000 – Jan 2013 – Houston, TX
$16000 – Jan 2013 – Houston, TX
$16000 – Jan 2013 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Nov 2012 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Nov 2012 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Sep 2012 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Sep 2012 – Houston, TX
$19000 – Sep 2012 – Houston, TX
$19000 – Sep 2012 – Houston, TX
$40000 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$40000 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$40000 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$11500 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$11500 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$26000 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$26000 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Mar 2012 – HOUSTON,TX
$30 – Feb 2012 – Houston, TX
$30 – Feb 2012 – Houston, TX
$30 – Feb 2012 – Houston, TX

Butt Lift Prices

$7500 – Jul 23, 2013 – Houston, TX
$7500 – Jul 23, 2013 – Houston, TX
$11000 – Jul 10, 2018 – Houston, TX
$11000 – Jul 10, 2018 – Houston, TX
$11000 – Jul 10, 2018 – Houston
$7500 – Jul 23, 2013 – Houston, TX

Labiaplasty Prices

$4000 – Sep 2023 – Houston, TX
$4000 – Dec 2021 – Houston, TX
$4000 – Feb 2012 – Houston, TX
$4000 – Feb 2012 – Houston, TX

Breast Implant Removal Prices

$10000 – Sep 2023 – Houston, TX
$10500 – Jan 12, 2017 – Houston, TX
$10500 – Jan 12, 2017 – Houston, TX
$10500 – Jan 12, 2017 – Houston, TX
$10500 – Jan 12, 2017 – Houston, TX
$10500 – Jan 12, 2017 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX

Mommy Makeover Prices

$18000 – Feb 27, 2019 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Apr 14, 2015 – Houston, TX
$16000 – Feb 16, 2016 – Clear Lake. TX
$20000 – May 26, 2016 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Apr 14, 2015 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Jul 15, 2014 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Nov 11, 2014 – Houston, TX
$26000 – Nov 4, 2015 – Houston, TX
$17000 – Feb 27, 2019
$18000 – Feb 27, 2019 – Houston, TX
$17000 – Feb 27, 2019
$17000 – Feb 27, 2019
$13955 – Mar 10, 2016 – Houston, TX
$17500 – Nov 18, 2015 – Webster, TX
$20000 – May 18, 2016 – Houston, TX
$15000 – Jul 1, 2015 – Clear Lake, TX
$26000 – Nov 4, 2015 – Houston, TX
$20000 – May 18, 2016 – Houston, TX
$20000 – May 26, 2016 – Houston, TX
$20000 – May 26, 2016 – Houston, TX
$20000 – May 18, 2016 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Apr 14, 2015 – Houston, TX
$16000 – Feb 16, 2016 – Clear Lake. TX
$16000 – Feb 16, 2016 – Clear Lake. TX
$16000 – Feb 16, 2016 – Clear Lake. TX
$16000 – Feb 15, 2016 – Clear Lake, Texas
$20000 – May 18, 2016 – Houston, TX
$20000 – May 18, 2016 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Apr 14, 2015 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Apr 14, 2015 – Houston, TX
$17500 – Nov 18, 2015 – Webster, TX
$17500 – Nov 18, 2015 – Webster, TX
$16000 – Jan 2016 – Houston, TX
$15000 – Sep 9, 2015 – Houston, TX
$18000 – Nov 18, 2015 – Webster, TX
$18000 – Nov 18, 2015 – Webster, TX
$21000 – Oct 12, 2015 – Houston, TX
$21000 – Oct 12, 2015 – Houston, TX
$21000 – Oct 12, 2015 – Houston
$23000 – Nov 4, 2015 – Houston, TX
$23000 – Nov 4, 2015 – Houston, TX
$16000 – Oct 2015 – Houston
$15000 – Jul 1, 2015 – Clear Lake, TX
$15000 – Jul 1, 2015 – clear lake,tx
$14800 – Aug 26, 2015 – Houston, TX
$23000 – Nov 4, 2015 – Houston, TX
$18000 – Nov 2, 2015 – Webster, TX
$20000 – Oct 14, 2015 – Houston, TX
$16000 – Feb 16, 2016 – Clear Lake. TX
$16000 – Feb 16, 2016 – Clear Lake. TX
$14800 – Aug 26, 2015 – Houston, TX
$14800 – Aug 26, 2015 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Nov 11, 2014 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Nov 11, 2014 – Houston, TX
$200000 – Jul 15, 2014 – Houston, TX
$200000 – Jul 15, 2014 – Houston, TX
$200000 – Jul 15, 2014 – Houston, TX
$18000 – Sep 18, 2014 – Houston, TX
$18000 – Sep 18, 2014 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Nov 11, 2014 – Houston, TX
$27000 – Nov 11, 2014 – Houston, TX
$21000 – Jun 25, 2013 – Houston, TX
$16000 – Mar 2012 – Houston, TX

Breast Implants Prices

$8500 – Jun 21, 2016 – Clear Lake (Houston) Texas
$6500 – Mar 6, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6900 – Nov 11, 2015 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Oct 31, 2018
$7000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$18500 – Jul 2018 – Houston, TX
$6965 – Dec 5, 2013 – Houston, TX
$11000 – Aug 2017 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Jul 2017 – Houston, TX
$8500 – Jun 21, 2016 – Clear Lake (Houston) Texas
$8500 – Jun 21, 2016 – Clear Lake (Houston) Texas
$8500 – Jun 21, 2016 – Clear Lake (Houston) Texas
$6900 – Nov 11, 2015 – Houston, TX
$6900 – Nov 11, 2015 – Houston, TX
$6900 – Nov 11, 2015 – Houston, TX
$6900 – Nov 11, 2015 – Houston, TX
$6000 – Jul 8, 2015 – Houston, TX
$6000 – Jul 8, 2015 – Houston, TX
$6000 – Jul 8, 2015 – Houston, TX
$6500 – Mar 6, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6500 – Mar 6, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6965 – Dec 5, 2013 – Houston, TX
$6965 – Dec 5, 2013 – Houston, TX
$6965 – Dec 5, 2013 – Houston, TX
$6965 – Dec 5, 2013 – Houston, TX
$6965 – Dec 5, 2013 – Houston, TX
$6965 – Dec 5, 2013 – Houston, TX
$11000 – Apr 2013 – Houston, TX
$11000 – Apr 2013 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Jun 2012 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Jun 2012 – Houston, TX

Breast Augmentation Prices

$6700 – Feb 26, 2016 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Sep 2023 – Houston, TX
$6500 – Apr 9, 2014 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Feb 5, 2014 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Sep 2023 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Feb 18, 2015 – Houston, TX
$7500 – Oct 15, 2015 – Houston, TX
$6000 – Sep 2023 – Houston, TX
$5000 – Sep 2023 – Houston, TX
$6900 – Apr 30, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6900 – Mar 28, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6800 – Dec 30, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6600 – Jun 25, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6999 – Sep 11, 2020
$6999 – Sep 11, 2020
$4500 – Jun 19, 2013 – Houston, TX
$6800 – Apr 4, 2013 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$6000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$6700 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$6500 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$6000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$5000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$5500 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$9000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$14500 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Feb 5, 2014 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Feb 5, 2014 – Houston, TX
$5000 – Oct 2017 – Houston, TX
$6800 – Dec 30, 2014 – Houston, TX
$4000 – Jun 19, 2013 – Houston, TX
$6900 – Mar 28, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6700 – Feb 26, 2016 – Houston, TX
$6935 – Jan 22, 2015 – Houston, TX
$6700 – Feb 26, 2016 – Houston, TX
$7500 – Oct 15, 2015 – Houston, TX
$7500 – Oct 15, 2015 – Houston, TX
$7500 – Oct 15, 2015 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Feb 18, 2015 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Feb 18, 2015 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Apr 11, 2013 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Apr 11, 2013 – Houston, TX
$6935 – Jan 22, 2015 – Houston, TX
$6935 – Jan 22, 2015 – Houston, TX
$6935 – Jan 22, 2015 – Houston, TX
$6900 – Apr 30, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6800 – Dec 30, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6600 – Jun 25, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6600 – Jun 25, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6600 – Jun 25, 2014 – Houston, TX
$7500 – Jul 2014 – Houston, TX
$5600 – Jul 2014 – Houston, TX
$6500 – Jun 19, 2013 – Houston, TX
$6900 – Apr 30, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6900 – Mar 28, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6500 – Apr 9, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6500 – Apr 9, 2014 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Feb 5, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6700 – Feb 11, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6700 – Feb 11, 2014 – Houston, TX
$7500 – Jan 9, 2014 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Jan 2014 – Houston, TX
$6000 – Oct 17, 2013 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Jan 2014 – Houston, TX
$6000 – Oct 17, 2013 – Houston, TX
$6000 – Oct 10, 2012 – Houston, TX
$6000 – Jun 12, 2013 – Houston, TX
$4500 – Jun 19, 2013 – Houston, TX
$6800 – Apr 4, 2013 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Mar 2013 – Houston, TX
$6000 – Jan 2013 – Houston, TX
$6700 – Sep 2012 – Houston, TX
$6000 – Aug 2012 – Houston, TX
$6000 – Aug 2012 – Houston, TX
$6125 – Aug 2012 – Houston, TX
$6125 – Aug 2012 – Houston, TX
$6125 – Aug 2012 – Houston, TX
$5725 – Jul 2012 – Houston, TX
$5725 – Jul 2012 – Houston, TX
$6500 – Jun 2012 – Houston, TX
$6500 – Jun 2012 – Houston, TX
$7800 – May 2012 – Houston, TX
$7800 – May 2012 – Houston, TX
$6000 – May 2012 – Houston, TX
$9000 – May 2012 – Houston, TX
$5600 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$6100 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$6100 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$5700 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$5700 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$5000 – Mar 2012 – Houston, TX
$7500 – Mar 2012 – Houston, TX
$3000 – Feb 2012 – Houston, TX
$6000 – Feb 2012 – Houston, TX
$5000 – Dec 2011 – Houston, TX
$5000 – Dec 2011 – Houston, TX

Breast Lift with Implants Prices

$7500 – Aug 13, 2014 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Jun 24, 2014 – Houston, TX
$13000 – Mar 4, 2015 – Houston, TX
$13000 – Mar 4, 2015 – Houston, TX
$7500 – Aug 13, 2014 – Houston, TX
$7500 – Aug 13, 2014 – Houston, TX
$7500 – Aug 13, 2014 – Houston, TX
$12500 – Aug 20, 2014 – Houston, TX
$12500 – Aug 20, 2014 – Houston, TX
$12500 – Aug 20, 2014 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Jun 24, 2014 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Jun 24, 2014 – Houston, TX
$12000 – May 2014 – Houston, TX
$12000 – May 2014 – Houston, TX

Breast Implant Revision Prices

$3001 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$5500 – May 16, 2017 – Webster, TX
$5500 – May 16, 2017 – Webster, TX
$5500 – May 16, 2017 – Webster, TX
$7500 – Jan 9, 2014 – Houston, TX

Breast Lift Prices

$6500 – Sep 2023 – Houston, TX
$7285 – Aug 25, 2016 – Houston, TX
$7200 – Jul 2022 – Houston, TX
$7500 – Jul 2020 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Jul 2020 – Houston, TX
$6500 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$9000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$11000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$6000 – Sep 2017 – Houston, TX
$7285 – Aug 25, 2016 – Houston, TX
$8000 – Jul 1, 2015 – Webster, TX
$8000 – Jul 1, 2015 – Webster, TX
$8000 – Jul 1, 2015 – Webster, TX
$11000 – Aug 13, 2015 – Houston, TX
$11000 – Aug 13, 2015 – Houston, TX
$11000 – Aug 13, 2015 – Houston
$9800 – Nov 21, 2013 – Houston, TX
$9800 – Nov 21, 2013 – Houston, TX
$9800 – Nov 21, 2013 – Houston, TX
$6500 – Dec 2012 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Jun 2012 – Houston, TX
$9000 – May 2012 – Houston, TX

Brazilian Butt Lift Prices

$5750 – Jun 6, 2013 – Houston, TX
$7600 – May 30, 2012 – Houston, TX
$7600 – May 30, 2012 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Jun 18, 2015 – Houston, TX
$6250 – Jun 18, 2015 – Houston, TX
$7600 – May 30, 2012 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Jun 18, 2015 – Houston, TX
$6250 – Jun 18, 2015 – Houston, TX
$6250 – Jun 18, 2015 – Houston, TX
$6250 – Jun 18, 2015 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Jun 18, 2015 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Jun 18, 2015 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Jun 18, 2015 – Houston, TX
$6250 – Jun 18, 2015 – Houston, TX
$6250 – Jun 18, 2015 – Houston, TX
$7600 – May 30, 2012 – Houston, TX
$7600 – May 30, 2012 – Houston, TX
$7600 – May 30, 2012 – Houston, TX

Breast Reduction Prices

$8000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$7500 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$6000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Oct 2017 – Houston, TX
$7500 – May 21, 2014 – Houston, TX
$13000 – Oct 2016 – Houston, Texas
$13000 – Jun 2016 – Houston, Texas
$9800 – Nov 21, 2013 – Houston, TX
$7500 – May 21, 2014 – Houston, TX
$7500 – May 21, 2014 – Houston, TX
$8000 – May 2012 – Houston, TX
$8000 – May 2012 – Houston, TX
$7500 – Mar 2012 – Houston, TX

Liposuction Prices

$2000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$3500 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$4999 – Jun 2017 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Jan 22, 2016 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Jan 22, 2016 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Jan 22, 2016 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Jan 22, 2016 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Jan 22, 2016 – Houston, TX
$18000 – Nov 2, 2015 – Webster, TX
$18000 – Nov 2, 2015 – Webster, TX
$18000 – Nov 2, 2015 – Webster, TX
$4000 – Jan 2013 – Houston, TX
$4000 – Jan 2013 – Houston, TX

Botox Prices

$400 – Sep 2023 – Houston, TX
$500 – Jul 2022 – Houston, TX
$500 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$975 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$400 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$400 – Jul 2014 – Houston, TX
$500 – Nov 2012 – Houston, TX
$500 – Mar 2012 – Houston, TX

Sclerotherapy Prices

$1 – Sep 2023 – Houston, TX
$1 – Mar 2016 – Houston, TX
$1 – Dec 2012 – Houston, TX
$1 – Dec 2012 – Houston, TX

Microdermabrasion Prices

$150 – Sep 2023 – Houston, TX
$150 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$150 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$150 – May 2012 – Houston, TX
$150 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$100 – Jan 2012 – Houston, TX

Breast Reconstruction Prices

$10000 – Nov 23, 2015 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Nov 23, 2015 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Nov 23, 2015 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Nov 23, 2015 – Houston, TX
$10000 – Nov 23, 2015 – Houston, TX
$8000 – May 2012 – Houston, TX
$8000 – May 2012 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Feb 2012 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Feb 2012 – Houston, TX

Scar Removal Prices

$7000 – Jul 2022 – 1009 Missouri

Laser Liposuction Prices

$7000 – Sep 2023 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Jan 2013 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Jan 2013 – Houston, TX

Butt Augmentation Prices

$6900 – Sep 3, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6900 – Sep 3, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6900 – Sep 3, 2014 – Houston, TX

Injectable Fillers Prices

$650 – Sep 2023
$650 – Dec 2019
$650 – Dec 2019

Thigh Lift Prices

$4000 – Jul 10, 2014 – Houston, TX
$1 – Jun 10, 2014 – Houston, TX
$18000 – Mar 16, 2017 – Houston, TX
$18000 – Mar 16, 2017 – Houston, TX
$18000 – Mar 16, 2017 – Houston, TX
$4000 – Jul 10, 2014 – Houston, TX
$1 – Jun 10, 2014 – Houston, TX
$1 – Jun 10, 2014 – Houston, TX
$1 – Jun 10, 2014 – Houston, TX

Dysport Prices

$500 – Aug 28, 2015 – Houston, TX
$500 – Aug 28, 2015 – Houston, TX
$500 – Aug 28, 2015 – Houston, TX

Arm Lift Prices

$2500 – Oct 29, 2013 – Houston, TX
$13000 – Jul 2022 – Houston, TX
$13000 – Jul 2022 – Houston, TX
$8200 – Jul 2022 – Houston, TX
$14000 – Sep 2021 – Houston, TX
$13001 – Jun 2018 – Houston, TX
$17649 – Mar 18, 2015 – Houston, TX
$17649 – Mar 18, 2015 – Houston, TX
$17649 – Mar 18, 2015 – Houston, TX
$2500 – Oct 29, 2013 – houstn
$13000 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$15600 – Mar 2012 – Houston, TX
$13000 – Dec 2011 – Houston, TX
$13000 – Dec 2011 – Houston, TX
$13000 – Dec 2011 – Houston, TX

Other Prices

$1500 – Oct 2021 – Houston, TX
$6500 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$9000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$16000 – Feb 15, 2016 – Clear Lake, Texas
$6800 – Dec 30, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6800 – Dec 30, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6900 – Sep 3, 2014 – Houston, TX
$12000 – Mar 12, 2014 – Houston, TX
$1 – Jan 2, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6600 – Jun 25, 2014 – Houston, TX
$26000 – Jul 1, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6900 – Apr 30, 2014 – Houston, TX
$6900 – Mar 28, 2014 – Houston, TX
$4000 – Jun 19, 2013 – Houston, TX
$4000 – Jun 19, 2013 – Houston, TX
$6500 – Jun 19, 2013 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Nov 2012 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Nov 2012 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Jun 2012 – Houston, TX
$7000 – Jun 2012 – Houston, TX
$6500 – Jun 2012 – Houston, TX
$6500 – Jun 2012 – Houston, TX
$10000 – May 2012 – Houston, TX
$5600 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$6100 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$13000 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$13000 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$450 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$16000 – Mar 2012 – Houston, TX
$14000 – Mar 2012 – Houston, TX
$16000 – Mar 2012 – Houston, TX
$7500 – Mar 2012 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Feb 2012 – Houston, TX
$6000 – Feb 2012 – Houston, TX
$20000 – Feb 2012 – Houston, TX

Laser Resurfacing Prices

$1500 – Oct 2020 – Houston, TX
$1500 – Aug 2016 – Houston, TX

Mentor Breast Implants Prices

$20000 – Oct 31, 2018
$20000 – Oct 31, 2018

Laser Treatment Prices

$1500 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$1500 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX

Dermabrasion Prices

$450 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$450 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX

Restylane Prices

$2000 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$800 – Oct 2018 – Houston, TX
$2000 – Feb 2012 – Houston, TX
$2000 – Feb 2012 – Houston, TX

Latisse Prices

$7000 – Oct 2017 – Houston, TX

Voluma Prices

$7500 – May 5, 2016 – Houston, TX
$7500 – May 5, 2016 – Houston, TX

Other Prices

$11000 – Aug 2013 – Houston, TX

Skin Lightening Prices

$4500 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX
$4500 – Apr 2012 – Houston, TX

Doctor’s answers

Question

Answer Header & Date

Answer Snippet

Need hiatal hernia surgery – does my surgeon need to know I’ve had a tummy tuck?

Surgery After TT
Nov 11, 2023

You will probably have a scope placed through your belly button and some other locations on the abdomen. Your general surgeon should be told about this.

This information can and should be kept confidential and is only shared between you, the surgeon, and relevant members of his team.

Breast augmentation results are uneven – is it fair to be disappointed?

Asymmetry After BAM
Nov 11, 2023

You have slight baseline asymmetry, and I am not sure what anatomical challenges your surgeon might have encountered during the procedure.

Your left breast has a high fold and the implant seems to be pushed upwards. This could be caused by several issues that would require an exam to figure out. Most likely, your symmetry could be improved.

Benelli breast lift revision surgery to correct stretching. What should be done differently?

Benelli Lift, or Not ?
Nov 9, 2023

The Benelli (or donut) breast lift is fine for smaller breasts, ones that don’t need much lift, and when used with no implants. In larger or heavier breasts the circular stitch (even permanent ones) can stretch out resulting in openings, scar widening, and flattening/widening of the area.

Do I need a lift along with 345cc full profile implants?

Lift or Implant Alone
Nov 9, 2023

If you do an implant alone, you would need the dual-plane technique. You will get more fulness and roundness, and of course increased size.

You do have a bit of a long breast fold and low nipple position (which would need to be measured on examination) and a lift would correct those issues. If you’re willing to accept the lift scar, then lift with a bit smaller implant may be the way to go.

Get a few opinions in person, as lift + implants is a tougher operation to get good results with,…

Was advised over muscle as not a natural look fan, what’s your view on over vs. under muscle im

Under vs Over for Breast Implants
Nov 5, 2023

“No key fits every lock” and your specific anatomy and goals are important. While going under the muscle probably helps avoid internal scarring or capsular contracture of the breast, and may make future mammograms easier, it is not the best operation for every patient.

Learn about the pros and cons in your specific case from a board-certified plastic surgeon to see which option is best for you.

What caused discoloration after fat transfer & how can I help it?

Breast Discoloration After Fat Graft
Nov 5, 2023

I’ve had this occur in my own patients, and it is most likely hemosiderin staining, which is a product of old blood from surgery being absorbed.

Topical creams and gels can help prevent darkening over time, but in some cases may not remove the entire discoloration.

Laser treatments can also help. You may need several sessions session depending on how dark the stains are. Laser therapy may significantly improve the appearance but still may not remove the darkening 100%.

Loose skin & dog ears – good candidate for tummy tuck revision & liposuction?

TT Revision
Nov 5, 2023

If your weight is stable and you’re not planning a future pregnancy, then a TT revision would probably get you better definition and tighter skin. Often, liposuction is also done to improve your contour or shape.

The back folds of skin visible in the side photos require an upper body lift.

Will a breast lift fix muscle flex deformity?

Movement of breast Implants with Muscle Contraction
Nov 3, 2023

Implants move with pec muscle activity because they may be placed under the muscle, or because capsule or scar tissue causes the implants to partially stick to the muscle. Most women have some movement of the implants.

This can be difficult to correct 100% but much depends on your original operation, a good examination,, to understand exactly why they are moving and in what direction.

A lift alone would be unlikely to change movement if the original implants are left in place.

Do my breast implants look normal at 9 months? The one seems a bit higher than the other but th

Settling of Implants
Nov 3, 2023

Most implants start off high, and settle by about 3 months.

Both of your implants seem to be a bit high for 9 months, although some women like the upper pole fullness,

You do have a slightly rounder breast on your left, and narrower on the right and may have had this asymmetry before surgery.

Ask your surgeon if he or she recommends anything such as massage, tummy time, or other things that may help your implants settle.

Dropping +1 years post op?

Implant Dropping
Oct 18, 2023

Implants will drop depending on their size/weight and also the elasticity and quality of your skin and breast tissues.

You appear younger, no stretch marks, with a breast that is glandular (not fatty). If true, I would not expect much more dropping.

A revision might involve using a smaller implant of one of a different profile.

Will 350 cc implants help me achieve a D cup?

Implants and Breast Lifts
Sep 27, 2023

One thing I have not seen mentioned is the effect of a heavier implant on your lift.

In general, heavier implants put more stretch and weight on the tissues and can result in “bottoming out” over time. Sometimes this can occur in even a year. Much depends on the consistency of your breast tissues and elasticity of your skin.

It’s worth discussing with your surgeon what he or she will do to avoid this problem.

Bottomed out implant 7 years post op. Spoke to a surgeon that wants to use mesh. Thoughts? (pho

Bottomed Out Implant
Sep 21, 2023

First and foremost you need a good examination (and I would do a quick in-office ultrasound) to diagnose the exact issue. I am seeing the areola on the left a bit larger and the entire breast a bit fuller than on the right, and of course the breast fold is much lower. Fluid collection, rupture, and other problems need to be excluded before proceeding with any surgery.

In the case of a “bottomed out” or dropped implant, I do often use an absorbable mesh to reinforce the tissues along with…

2 months postpartum. Trying to avoid a tummy tuck. Can liposuction fix the issue?

Tummy Tuck or Lipo ?
Sep 21, 2023

An in-person exam is best, but based on your photos I see some loss of skin elasticity, excess skin, and a moderate amount of fat of the tummy, waist, and flanks.

Liposuction will address the fat but the skin will be left loose or irregular because there is some loss of elasticity from the pregnancy and also skin excess.

You would get a “gold standard” result from a tummy tuck, and much les of a a result from liposuction.

TT- duramesh. Can you tell me the pros and cons of this suture material? Mesh in general makes

DuraMesh for TT
Sep 19, 2023

As you know, mesh for hernia repairs can often cause problems at a later date.

So….this Duramesh is a new material (it’s a “mesh suture”) and my general take on new produicts for permanent impanation in patients is it to let them be used a few years, and wait for any possible complications. There is zero published research on it’s use in tummy tuck/hernia repair at this point.

In my practice, I do use permanent sutures for all my muscle repairs, including those with small to medium sized…

What is this dent that has been left after my liposuction procedure and how can I fix it? (Phot

Skin Irregularity After Liposuction
Sep 19, 2023

You may have had too much fat removed, or it was removed inconsistently, which has caused the irregular dents and lines on your skin.

Minimally invasive procedures are most likely to get you minimal results at a not-insignificant cost. Micro-lipo and fat grafting might offer some improvement.

The gold standard for results would most likely be an abdominoplasty (depending on what your exam shows) , which unfortunately involves a large scar. You’ll have to decide if that scar is worth the…

Last updated on 11/21/2023